CRYPTO READING GROUP
QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: QKD & QROM

Organizers: Leonardo Colò, Bruno Sterner
When: Wednesday, 10:00a.m.
Where: MC5501
Goal: Build an understanding of quantum computing, quantum key distribution (QKD) and security proofs in the quantum random oracle model (QROM).
>> Notes (Last updated on Sept 29, 2026)

PROGRAM

  1. Introduction to Quantum Computing (Maher Mamah, Bruno Sterner - 23/09/2026)
    • - Qubits, measurement, and the difference between classical and quantum information.
      - Superposition, tensor products, and entanglement.
      - Examples of quantum computation.
      - References: [10], [12] and [14].
  2. Quantum Information Theory (Elnaz Hessami Pilehrood, Owen Waldron - 30/09/2026)
    • - Quantum states, density operators, and mixed states.
      - Quantum channels and the effect of noise.
      - Entropy, information, and basic security intuition.
      - References: [10], [12] and [14].
  3. Quantum Circuits (Mojtaba Fadavi, Taha Hedayat - 07/10/2026)
    • - Single-qubit gates and controlled operations.
      - Circuit notation, measurement, and common circuit identities.
      - Bell-state preparation as a worked example.
      - References: [10], [12] and [14].
  4. Quantum Key Distribution (Maggie Simmons - 21/10/2026)
    • - BB84: preparation, transmission, measurement, and basis sifting.
      - Error estimation, reconciliation, and privacy amplification.
      - How QKD keys can enter a hybrid authenticated key exchange.
      - References: [2], [6], [4] and [11].
  5. QKD Security and Post-Quantum Cryptography in QKD (Douglas Stebila - 28/10/2026)
    • - Secrecy and correctness definitions for QKD.
      - Finite-key effects and assumptions about devices and authentication.
      - Combining QKD with post-quantum components in hybrid protocols.
      - References: [11].
  6. Challenges in Deploying QKD (Aodhan Corrigan - 4/11/2026)
    • - Invited talk.
  7. The Random Oracle Model and Classical Security Proofs (Huanhuan Chen, Bruce Xu - 11/11/2026)
    • - Ideal hash functions and oracle access in the classical random-oracle model.
      - Security games, reductions, and game-hopping proofs.
      - Programming an oracle and tracking an adversary's queries.
      - References: [9].
  8. Definitions for the Quantum Random Oracle Model (Jonas Janneck, Camryn Steckel - 18/11/2026)
    • - Quantum superposition queries to a random oracle.
      - How quantum access changes classical proof techniques.
      - Oracle unitaries and the basic QROM security setting.
      - References: [3].
  9. QROM Lemmas (Speaker - 25/11/2026)
    • - Why measuring or reprogramming quantum queries needs new bounds.
      - The one-way-to-hiding lemma.
      - Compressed-oracle and measure-and-reprogram techniques.
      - References: [1], [7] and [8].
  10. An Example Security Proof in the QROM (Seunghoon Lee - 2/12/2026)
    • - Fiat-Shamir signatures as a worked QROM proof.
      - Fujisaki-Okamoto transform analysis in QROM.
      - Where measure-and-reprogram enters the proof and what it costs.
      - References: [5] and [8].

RESOURCES

  1. A. Ambainis, M. Hamburg, and D. Unruh. Quantum Security Proofs Using Semi-classical Oracles. 2018. > Paper.
  2. C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard. Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing. 1984; reprinted in Theoretical Computer Science, 560, pp. 7–11, 2014. > Paper.
  3. D. Boneh, Ö. Dagdelen, M. Fischlin, A. Lehmann, C. Schaffner, and M. Zhandry. Random Oracles in a Quantum World. 2010. > Paper.
  4. S. Bruckner, S. Ramacher, and C. Striecks. Muckle+: End-to-End Hybrid Authenticated Key Exchanges. PQCrypto, 2023. > Paper.
  5. J. Don, S. Fehr, C. Majenz, and C. Schaffner. Security of the Fiat-Shamir Transformation in the Quantum Random-Oracle Model. 2019. > Paper.
  6. B. Dowling, T. B. Hansen, and K. G. Paterson. Many a Mickle Makes a Muckle: A Framework for Provably Quantum-Secure Hybrid Key Exchange. PQCrypto, 2020. > Paper.
  7. A. B. Grilo, K. Hövelmanns, A. Hülsing, and C. Majenz. Tight adaptive reprogramming in the QROM. 2020. > Paper.
  8. D. Hofheinz, K. Hövelmanns, and E. Kiltz. A Modular Analysis of the Fujisaki-Okamoto Transformation. 2017. > Paper.
  9. J. Katz and Y. Lindell. Introduction to Modern Cryptography. Book; see the random-oracle model and proof techniques.
  10. D. Leung. Introduction to Quantum Information Processing, University of Waterloo course materials, Winter 2025. > Course page.
  11. H.-K. Lo, M. Curty, and K. Tamaki. Secure Quantum Key Distribution. 2015. > Paper.
  12. M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  13. M. Tomamichel and A. Leverrier. A largely self-contained and complete security proof for quantum key distribution. 2015. > Paper.
  14. T. Vidick and S. Wehner. Introduction to Quantum Cryptography. Cambridge University Press, 2023. > Book.
  15. V. Zapatero, Á. Navarrete, and M. Curty. Implementation security in quantum key distribution. 2023. > Paper.
  16. M. Zhandry. How to Construct Quantum Random Functions. FOCS, 2012. > Paper.
  17. M. Zhandry. How to Record Quantum Queries, and Applications to Quantum Indifferentiability. 2018. > Paper.